Numerical and experimental investigation of top submerged gas injection system y. Chemically enhanced water alternating gas injection cewag is getting significance importance in eor after wag due to its ability to improve both the displacement and sweep efficiency. Surfactant alternating gas sag injection is one of the methods commonly used to decrease this problem. In this application a slug of water is put into an injection well, followed by gas, which exists as a separate phase from the water and oil. Water injection wells wiw most common, but also includes.
Technical paper on the injection of biogas into the. Below the minimum miscibility pressure mmp, this is an immiscible process in which recovery is increased by oil swelling, viscosity reduction and limited crudeoil vaporization. So wag injection improves oil recovery by taking advantage of the increased microscopic displacement of gas injection with the improved. Several types of eor applications are implemented in the oil industry. This high purity stationary inert gas nitrogen generator ngen is designed for industrial inert gas users. Simultaneous injection of water and gas is also believed to benefit the recovery of hydrocarbon liquids from earth formations in an improved manner by reducing the gastooil ratio in oil production wells in earth formation zones wherein the simultaneous water and. Experimental investigation of miscible and immiscible water.
Water alternating gas wag injection is an eor method where water and gas is injected in cycles. First we reproduce cycles of water and gas injection observed in previously published experimental studies. One of the most effective methods in oil production and eor is gas injection. Enhanced oil recovery abbreviated eor, also called tertiary recovery, is the extraction of crude oil from an oil field that cannot be extracted otherwise. The objective of this thesis is to explore the potential for enhanced gas recovery from gasbearing shale formations by injecting co2 into a targeted shale formation. One such application is the injection of gas into a reservoir as a gas displacement recovery gdr mechanism to induce additional reserve growth. The list of acronyms and abbreviations related to wag water alternating gas. The unique feature of this new method is that it uses alkaline, surfactant, and polymer additives as a chemical slug which is injected during the water alternating gas wag. Abstract an analytical model is proposed to describe the corrosion risk profile of a well tube in water alternating gas wag co2 injection. Dec 21, 2015 water alternating gas wag water alternating gas involves gas injection followed by water injection gas injection increases displacement efficiency water injection increases sweep efficiency 5. Wag and a pair of water injection tests were conducted and the efficiency of lswf and high salinity water flooding hswf. Sohrabi 1, m fatemi 1, m jami 1, s ireland 1, g robertson 1 1institute of petroleum engineering ipe, heriotwatt university edinburgh eh14 4as, uk mehran. Comparison of oil removal in surfactant alternating gas with water. Compositional fluid flow simulation with water alternating.
While initial production rates are high from horizontal wells in ultratight oil formations, reservoir recovery factors are very low, averaging in the range of 510 percent. Numerical and experimental investigation of top submerged. Return rt3 am% hl0l kirtwwd afb, n mex a method for solving the nonsimilar laminar boundarylayer equations including foreign gas injection by joseph g. Comparison of oil recovery by water injection, gas injection and wateralternatinggas wag injection in waterwet and mixedwet rocks m. In this study, an artificial neural network is implemented to construct neurosimulation tools for screening and designing wateralternatinggas process. Natural gas injection a natural gas injection application is one of many enhanced oil recovery methods.
Study of gas injection performance under different. Evaluation of oil recovery by water alternating gas wag. Acquadro modeling and process analysis group school of engineering and science swinburne university of technology, australia the injection of gas into a liquid bath has been widely practiced in the. In this work, an experimental study combined with numerical simulation was conducted to investigate the potential of chemically enhanced water alternating gas cwag injection as a new enhanced oil recovery method. We predict the measured oil, water and gas relative permeabilities accurately. The aim of the current work is to evaluate the performance of the different gas injection methodologies for gs5c sand of said field. The residual oil saturations in gas swept zones have been found to be quite low, however, the volumetric sweep in gas floods has always been a cause for concern hinderaker et al. Comparison of oil recovery by water injection, gas. Threephase relative permeability and hysteresis model for simulation of water alternating gas wag injection. Gas injection is the oldest of the fluid injection processes.
Optimization of a water alternating gas injection compositional fluid flow simulation with simultaneous water alternating gas injection optimization on the upscaled synthetic reservoir cerenai the main objective of this work is to devise a production strategy, on a brazilian presalt. The displacement tests consisted of the following steps. One partner simplified its field operations by replacing a glycol gas. Continuous gas injection cgi and water alternating gas wag. Furthermore, a smaller wag slug size of co 2wag injection led to a higher oil rf and the optimum wag slug ratio was approximately 1. Wag injection, injectivity loss, micromodel, relative permeability, water flood 1 introduction the wateralternatinggas wag scheme is a combination of two traditional techniques of improved hydrocarbon recovery. Wag stands for water alternating gas watergas injection.
Simultaneous water and gas injection into earth formations. Technical paper on the injection of biogas into the natural. Wag injection is defined as the alternate injection of water to gas ratios of 0. These tools generated in this study are effectively able to recognize the connection between the reservoir characteristics and hydrocarbon production performance of the wag process in order to. Most injection molders require 99% nitrogen for their applications. With the advancement of technologies in horizontal drilling combined with hydraulic fracturing, shale gas has become a significant source of energy throughout the united states. An enhanced oil recovery process whereby water injection and gas injection are carried out alternately for periods of time to provide better sweep efficiency and reduce gas channeling from injector to producer. An experimental study of co2low salinity water alternating gas injection in sandstone heavy oil reservoirs.
Wag is defined as water alternating gas watergas injection very frequently. The process exploits the microscopic displacement advantages. Herein, a set of core floods including a pair of co2 water alternating gas. A specific type of gdr application is the immiscible wateralternatinggas iwag displacement process. Srivastava, laxminarayan mahli, irs, ongc summary it is an established fact that substantial amount of oil usually remains in a reservoir after primary and secondary processes. The gas injection eor processes today help recover a substantial portion of the oil from light oil reservoirs moritis, 2002. How is water alternating gas watergas injection abbreviated. However, wateralternatinggas wag processes give better recovery than injecting gas or water alone by utilizing the advantages of both gas and water injection at the same time freistuhler et al. The low primary recovery factors are largely the result of the ultralow matrix permeabilities. Injection molding nitrogen membrane generator on site gas. Water alternating gas wag water alternating gas involves gas injection followed by water injection gas injection increases displacement efficiency water injection increases sweep efficiency 5. Wag injection is defined as the alternate injection of watertogas ratios of 0. Over 60% of the light crude oil was produced in the first two cycles of the.
Powertogas often abbreviated p2g is a technology that uses electrical power to produce a gas fuel. Research and development on a novel wateralternatinggas. Japex provided the drilled core and oil samples collaboration between japex and rite. And special thanks to the american institute of mining, metallurgical. Economics of acid gas reinjection for the acid gas reinjection projects currently operating in alberta, they are typically small. The second compression stage to reach the discharge pressure is not shown. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Study of gas injection performance under different production. Water alternating gas in stratified reservoirs ntnu open. Comparison of oil recovery by water injection, gas injection. Gas injection is performed in different type such as miscible and immiscible injection. Underground injection wells for produced water disposal. Water alternating gas wag injection a novel eor technique for mature light oil fields a laboratory investigation for gs5c sand of gandhar field. Simulation study of miscible water alternatinggas injection in a stratified reservoir model presentation pdf available june 2017 with 164 reads how we measure reads. Foam which is formed on the contact of nitrogen and. This definition appears very frequently and is found in the following acronym finder categories. Over 60% of the light crude oil was produced in the first two cycles of the miscible co 2wag injection. Here, a set of core floods including a pair of co2 wag and a pair of water injection tests are. Above the mmp, nitrogen injection is a miscible vaporizing drive.
Nitrogen gas injection for immiscible gas flooding is commonly used in the oil and gas industry, and can improve oil recovery by increasing reservoir pressure during the tertiary stage of recovery. Wateralternatinggas wag injection a novel eor technique for mature light oil fields a laboratory investigation for gs5c sand of gandhar field. Monitoring for enhanced gas and liquids recovery from a. Displacement by misciblegas injection can be highly efficient for recovering oil. Wag injection is defined as the alternate injection of waterto gas ratios of 0. This process is used mostly in co 2 floods to improve hydrocarbon contact time.
Mobility control is a major concern in gas flooding process, and water alternating gas injection wag for enhanced oil recovery eor, which can be improved by simultaneous injection of chemicals. Data for one such project are listed in the following. This paper is discussing the last updating in this field. User configurable pressure falloff, step rate and step pressure test programs are provided. In general, the technique of hot gas injection is used to defrosting process on the evaporator 11 12.
Wag stands for water alternating gas watergas injection suggest new definition. Wag water alternating gas watergas injection acronymfinder. However, water alternating gas wag processes give better recovery than injecting gas or water alone by utilizing the advantages of both gas and water injection at the same time freistuhler et al. Replace glycol dehydration units with methanol injection. Herein we demonstrate that injection of water into the air upstream of the combustor reduces no x by factors up to three in a natural gas fueled trapped vortex combustor tvc. Nitrogen membrane generator systems are effective to approximately 99% while the psa nitrogen generator system generates n 2 gas up to 99. Mobility control is a major concern in gas flooding process, and wateralternatinggas injection wag for enhanced oil recovery eor, which can be improved by simultaneous injection of chemicals. When using surplus power from wind generation, the concept is sometimes called windgas. By injecting natural gas into an oil reservoir, the reservoir pressure increases to maintain the desired production level. Avoid production reduction when gas export is at its maximum reduce storage costs and co2 tax produce attic oil reach areas difficult to reach with water injection, ex. Optimization of the water alternating gas injection.
A process whereby nitrogen gas is injected into an oil reservoir to increase the oil recovery factor. According to the us department of energy, there are three primary techniques for eor. Wag injection, injectivity loss, micromodel, relative permeability, water flood 1 introduction the water alternating gas wag scheme is a combination of two traditional techniques of improved hydrocarbon recovery. Porescale simulation of water alternate gas injection. The objectives for this study were to increase the oil recovery while reducing the gas production and the parameters selected for optimization in this study were the bottomhole pressure, the well position, the injection rate and wag ratio. Index terms enhanced oil recovery eor, miscible flooding, nitrogen injection, water alternating gas wag. Published on december 21, 2015 december 21, 2015 261 likes 22 comments. Comparison of oil recovery by water injection, gas injection and water alternating gas wag injection in water wet and mixedwet rocks m. The rix model ngen30s provides high quality nitrogen product gas for use in applications where high pressure inert gas generation is needed to supply gas assist injection molding. The unique feature of the process includes use of alkaline, surfactant, and polymer as a chemical slug during the cewag process to reduce the interfacial. Methods to control freezing range from removing water from the gas stream to lowering the waters dewpoint. The idea of using a gas for the purpose of maintaining reservoir pressure.
Mechanism of injectivity loss during wateralternatinggas. Water alternating gas injection wag also referred to as combined water and gas injection cgw is an enhanced oil recovery eor method where water and gas injection are carried out alternately in a reservoir for a. The recovery factor of wag flooding is compared with that of the conventional waterflooding and gas injection. Modeling examines gas injection results for improving. Enhanced oil recovery by water alternating gas wag. Powerto gas often abbreviated p2g is a technology that converts electrical power to a gas fuel. Eor can extract 30% to 60% or more of a reservoirs oil, compared to 20% to 40% using primary and secondary recovery. The hydrogen can be used directly, or further steps may convert it into syngas, methane, or lpg. Over time, mature oil field formations often experience production decline. Simulation optimization of wateralternatinggas process under. And, unlike conventional reservoirs, in which waterflooding is the main choice for improving oil recovery by.
Apr 20, 2010 in this study, an artificial neural network is implemented to construct neurosimulation tools for screening and designing water alternating gas process. Crude oil development and production includes three phases. Fogging gas turbine inlets or direct injection of water into gas turbine combustors, decreases no x and increases power. We discuss the hysteresis trends in the water and gas relative permeabilities and compare the behavior of waterwet and oilwet media. An analytical model for the corrosion risk of water alternating gas. We also offer multiple nitrogen purity systems with pfx purity flow exchange. Nitrogen generation for injection molding on site gas.
Water alternating gas wag a enhanced oil recovery technique. Co 2 injection salt water disposal 20% of all class ii wells used only for disposal of fluids associated with oil and gas production hydrocarbon storage used to inject and remove liquid. Water alternating gas injection wag also referred to as combined water and gas injection cgw is an enhanced oil recovery eor method where water and gas injection are carried out alternately in a reservoir for a period of time in order to provide both microscopic and. Experimental investigation of miscible and immiscible. The gasses may be used as chemical feedstocks, burned to.
Spe distinguished lecturer series is funded principally through a grant of the spe foundation the society gratefully acknowledges those companies that support the program by allowing their professionals to participate as lecturers. Microbubble co2 injection for enhanced oil recovery is founded by jogmec. Jun 06, 1995 simultaneous injection of water and gas is also believed to benefit the recovery of hydrocarbon liquids from earth formations in an improved manner by reducing the gas tooil ratio in oil production wells in earth formation zones wherein the simultaneous water and gas injection process has been conducted. Water alternate gas injection controller wag350 is designed to monitor and control the injection of water or carbon dioxide at the wellhead. Methods to control freezing range from removing water from the gas stream to lowering the water s dewpoint. Wateralternatinggas wag injection a novel eor technique. The unique feature of this new method is that it uses alkaline, surfactant, and polymer additives as a chemical slug which is injected during the water alternating gas wag process. Pdf simulation study of miscible wateralternatinggas. An experimental and numerical study of chemically enhanced.
310 888 454 1485 180 201 1013 1211 1539 59 84 124 1417 212 868 1551 1399 622 82 671 300 368 684 92 810 1441 1180 324 1442 823 931