The dravidian style of architecture is the characteristic south indian style and is mainly found in the southern indian states of tamil nadu, karnataka, kerala. But king vijayala captured tanjore, and began the new line of imperial chola. Behind the architectural achievements of the country, lay the urge of the hindu mind to give vent to its religious and spiritual hopes and aspirations, and the construction and maintenance of a temple became an act of merit or dharma both here and in the hereafter for all kings, nobles and laymen alike. Full text of history of tamil language and literature. Their works taken up on a stupendous scale include irrigation schemes, embankment of artificial lakes, dams across the kaveri and well planned cities. A special feature of the chola architecture is the purity of the artistic tradition. This page was last edited on 8 december 2016, at 22. An ebook reader can be a software application for use on a computer such as. The cheras, cholas and pandyas of south india glimpses. Apr 28, 2015 style was a combination of the styles developed in south india the yali columns pillar with charging horse, balustrades parapets and ornate pillared manatapa are their unique contribution, vibrant combination of the chalukya, hoysala, pandya and chola styles, legacy of sculpture, architecture and painting influenced the development of the. Ravi varma kulasekhara, ruler of venadu from 1299 to 14, is known for his ambitious military campaigns to former pandya and chola territories. See the complete profile on linkedin and discover darshans. Avail our expert help by enrolling with us to keep your knowledge updated and stay ahead of your competition. The wall is divided into 2 stories by means of an overhanging cornice which is the only horizontal member contains pilasters and niches with sculptures in the middle of each recess is a figure subject the mastery of the sculptors is seen in the.
The chera, chola and pandya kings of the great south indian kingdoms but three ordinary men on a voyage with a lust for wandering at odd ages. Thus we can see that south india has wonderful works of dravidian architecture worth watching. The region of tamil nadu or tamilakam, in the southeast of modern india, shows evidence of having had continuous human habitation from 15,000 bce to 10,000 bce. Most trending and trusted programmes by upsc toppers. The war, gradually, spread over the rest of south india when eager to increase their influence in the pandya kingdom, the chola emperor rajadhiraja chola ii and parakramabahu i of sri lanka entered the fray and took. A special feature of the chola architecture is the purity of.
Pdf the art and architectures along the tamil nadu coast. Pandya cendan extended their rule to the chera country. The site includes three great 11th and 12thcentury temples. May 23, 20 the etymological identity of kerala and chera link them but it was not certain that whether the present kerala was the chera kingdom. The chera dynasty or cera was one of the principal lineages in the early history of the present day states of kerala and tamil nadu in southern india.
History of tamil nadu the ancient history of tamil nadu dates back about 6000 years and the origin of tamil people are linked with aryan invasion theory. A major shrine of shiva worship since the classical period, there have been several renovations and offerings to chidambaram by the pallava, chola, pandya, vijayanagara and chera royals in the ancient and premedieval periods. The pandya, chera, and chola dynasties ruled over the tamil people. On 3rd nov 2014, indian navy celebrated the th anniversary of rajendra chola s coronation, hence topic becomes. Find information about chola dynasty, its origin, reign and fall of the cholas. Lankapura now took the battle into chola territory and invaded tondi and pasi. The chola invasion ad 9971017 lead by raja raja chola the great toppled the ancient kingdom of anuradhapura which stood since bc 377. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. The civilisation of the tamil people is among the oldest in the world and has been influenced by, influenced, and coexisted with many external cultures the three tamil dynasties of chera, chola and pandya were all of ancient origins. Chola architecture brihadeeswara temple thanjavur ad architectural treatment. I am david chola, a registered kenyan architect practicing in the east african region. The chola art and architecture had the influence of the pallavas and other contemporary art and architecture schools, which in turn helped them to elevate. The imperial chola rulers of tanjore developed the dravidian style of temple architecture almost to perfection.
He had defeated the joint forces of chera and pandya kings and. About pandyan dynasty one of the three famous ancient tamil dynasties other two being chola and chera, the pandyan dynasty ruled several parts of the southern india until the 15th century ce. Jul 15, 2010 the chola king aditya chola defeated aparajitha at the end of 9th century. After aryan culture invasion the dravidian people entered deep south parts and settled there. The chola dynasty was one of the longest ruling dynasties in the history of southern india, they utilised their prodigious wealth earned through their extensive conquests in building longlasting stone temples and exquisite bronze sculptures. People believe this aryan invasion theory support tamils belong to the dravidian race and were part of the early indus valley settlers. In this article, we shall see the details of the chola temple architecture, which is an important part of dravidian temple architecture. Chola dynasty pallavas 600900 ad cholas 9001150 ad the chola dynasty was one of the longest ruling dynasties in the history of southern india. View bhardwaj pandyas profile on linkedin, the worlds largest professional community. So, here we will read about these kingdoms in brief. Pandya, rastrakuta and chola architecture in hindi unacademy. The chera style of architecture is only one of its kind in dravidian architecture.
Top kodi archive and support file community software vintage software apk msdos cdrom software cdrom software. History of tamil nadu cholas kingdoms in tamilnadu during 9th to 14th centuries the cholas again came for power in south india. Upsc questions related to the topic culture are not so easy to prepare. Iasbaba imparts 360degree ias preparation solutions with their exhaustive prelims and mains preparation courses, supported by the latest upsc preparation material. After that rajaraja chola led major attack on the pandya king amarabhujanga and defeated him and hence got the title mummudi cholan means the chola king who wears the crown of chera chola and pandya. Media in category architecture of the chera dynasty this category contains only the following file. The chera dynasty had ruled in two different timeperiods. Kulasekhara fled madurai and vira pandya was installed on the throne.
Rajendra1 th year of coronation, 2014 chola architecture. The dravidian style of architecture is the characteristic south indian style and is mainly found in the southern indian states of tamil nadu, karnataka, kerala, telangana, and andhra pradesh. These chiefs were from the chera, chola and pandya dynasty. He extended chola empire all the way to tungabadhra river. Together they ruled over tamil nadu with a unique culture and language, contributing to the growth of sangam literature, some of the oldest literature. Our primary goal is to provide our clients with highly experienced, creative professional services using. The main reason being lack of quality study materials which explain the same in simple language. Kambaharesvarar temple was built by the king kulothunga iii 1179 ad 1216 ad.
An amazing book that describes the glorious past of the chola dynasty. Three crowned kings of tamilakam national geographic society. See the complete profile on linkedin and discover bhardwajs connections and jobs at similar companies. According to the inscriptions the chola army crossed the ocean by ships and destroyed the lanka kingdom. She says gardening helps her to relax, and she enjoys doing science and crafts projects with her children.
Tamil nadu has cherished a long history of art and architecture which is evident from its. Get chola dynasty map with major cities and current country boundaries. The sangam classics list chief architect viduvelvidugu perumtaccan as directing an early renovation of the shrine. The term occurs often enough in the sangam literature, such that to speak of tamilakam, a tamil land, and a tamil people, implies some sense ofcultural or ethnic identityorat least some con sciousness of independence or separateness from neighbors to the north and south. Karikala was a famous chola king of the early time. The chola king who brought half of ceylon under his control a. Throughout its history, spanning the early upper paleolithic age to modern times, this region has coexisted with various external cultures the three ancient tamil dynasties namely chera, chola, and pandya were of ancient origins.
History of tamil nadu cholas, pallavas,pandyas kingdom. The pandyas ruled extensive territories, at times including the large portions of presentday south. Bhardwaj pandya systems architect rishabh software. Her story is set in the three ancient cities of south india poompuhar, the chola capital where she grew up, madurai, the pandya capital where she fell. Precipitated by rival claims of succession, a civil war occurred in the pandya kingdom from 1169 to 1177 between parakrama pandyan i and his son vira pandya with kulasekhara.
The history of tamizhagam goes back about 5000 years and more. The chola king rajaraja chola and his son rajendra chola extended their rule to central india, orissa and some parts of west bengal. Pandya has been practicing in the williamson county area for the past 11 years, and has been actively involved in community and school projects related to childrens health and development. The maturity and grandeur to which the chola architecture had evolved found expression in the two temples of thanjavur and gangaikondacholapuram.
People living along coast line were experts in maritime activities. Top kodi archive and support file vintage software community software apk msdos cdrom software cdrom software library. From 580bce 300ce, the greatest accomplishments of the kingdoms of the early chola, chera and the pandyan kingdoms. It is the birthplace of dravidian culture in india. A chola king, known as elara, conquered sri lanka and ruled over it for about 50 years during the middle of the 2 nd century b. After some decades of expansion, the pandya kingdom was large enough to pose a serious threat to the pallava power. Chola architecture 900 1150 ad prepared by roopa chikkalgi. He fought many battles and extended the pandya power.
The chola army met the sri lankan forces in a couple of pitched battles at kilenilaya identified with the modernday kilnilai and ponnamaravathi but lost both of them. Groups of small temples are to be seen at tiruchirapalli district of tamil nadu. Oct 11, 2015 iasbaba imparts 360degree ias preparation solutions with their exhaustive prelims and mains preparation courses, supported by the latest upsc preparation material. The dravidian architecture can mainly be seen through the temples. The pandya dynasty, also known as the pandyas of madurai, was a dynasty of south india, one of the three ethnically tamil lineages, the other two being the chola and the chera. Terrence davidson comes from a reputed family whose father hailed from kailasapuram in tirunelveli district, south india.
Built in the early 11th century, the two magnificent temples at thanjavur and the gangaikonda cholapuram in tiruchirapalli district show the best of chola art and architecture. However, pandyas, cheras and the cholas were mentioned in surviving tamil literature comprising of chilappatikaram, tirukkural etc, complementing their mention in the existing sanskrit literature viz. Notable imperial chola kings were rajaraja1 and his son rajendra1. Jul 22, 2010 the history of tamizhagam goes back about 5000 years and more. Aug 30, 2015 the great majority of the island was under the rule of the mighty chola from india, an empire made of up the chola, chera, and pandya states of south india. Chola, chera and pandya dynasties the tamil country was ruled by three dynasties namely the chera, chola and pandyas during the sangam age. Together with the cholas of uraiyur and the pandyas of madurai, the early cheras were known as one of the three major powers muventar of ancient tamilakam a macro region in south india in the early centuries of the common era. Facts about the architectural marvels, rajaraja cholan, wars, etc. The great majority of the island was under the rule of the mighty chola from india, an empire made of up the chola, chera, and pandya states of south india. Architecture is an important area inside the culture topic. They released a few coins, which were characterized by a bow device engraved on them. Critically evaluate the achievements of cholas, cheras and. The heartland of the cholas was the fertile valley of the kaveri river, but they ruled a significantly. The magnificent shiva temple of thanjavur, completed around 1009, is a fitting memorial to the material achievements of the time of rajaraja.
His father served as an officer in the customs department, government of india. Critically evaluate the achievements of cholas, cheras and pandyas in art and architecture. The chera rulers of venadu, based at the port quilon in southern kerala, trace their relations back to the latersecond cheras. Sangam period 300 bc 200 ad polities the tamil country was ruled by three dynasties namely the chera, chola and pandyas during the sangam age. The rulers of the three dynasties were referred to as the three crowned rulers the muventar of the tamil country.
History of tamil nadu cholas, pallavas,pandyas kingdom in. Darshan pandya resident solutions architect databricks. The thirunelli temple, the vadakkunnathan temples, kodungallur bhagavathy temple and kandiyur siva temple are its examples. Pandya architecture includes both rockcut and structural temples. The chera, chola and pandya ruled the dravidian country from which modern tamil nadu formed.
The following is a chronological overview of the history of the tamil people, who trace their ancestry to the indian state of tamil nadu, the indian union territory of puducherry, or the northern, eastern province and puttalam district of sri lanka. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The structural ones are small stone temples and have all the features of bigger temples i. Bhardwaj pandya systems architect rishabh software linkedin.
View darshan pandyas profile on linkedin, the worlds largest professional community. A must read for those interested in knowing the wonderful chola history. Jan 09, 2015 after that rajaraja chola led major attack on the pandya king amarabhujanga and defeated him and hence got the title mummudi cholan means the chola king who wears the crown of chera chola and pandya. Great living chola temples unesco world heritage centre.
Ancient indian history chola dynasty tutorialspoint. The great living chola temples were built by kings of the chola empire, which stretched over all of south india and the neighbouring islands. I have handled various architecture projects and have good experience dealing with building projects from design inception to management of their construction. The old kingdoms of kosala, magadha, gauda, vanga, avanti, lat, and saurashtra in the north, and kalinga, andhra, maharashtra, kamataka, chera, chola, and pandya in the southern part had ruled for long period human history and seem to possess eternal lives.
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